Claudio Paolucci — Augmented Images (ULiège)

Claudio Paolucci — Augmented Images (ULiège)

🎙 Claudio Paolucci 👥 178 📅 October 15, 2022 ⏱ 30 min 👁 46 📄 expert opinion 🧭 2026-10-09
Available in: English (current) Français

Keywords

controlled hallucinationenactivismsimulacraprostheticsurrogate stimuli

Summary

Claudio Paolucci’s lecture presents a semiotic and enactive perspective on perception, arguing that perception is a form of controlled hallucination or controlled imagination. He grounds this in the enactive approach, stating that organisms are structurally coupled with their environments and brains actively predict sensory input rather than passively represent it. Perception is thus the product of imagination regulated by environmental constraints. This framework is applied to virtual and augmented reality, which are not seen as augmentations of a pre-existing objective reality but as technologies that substitute or modulate the environmental control of perception. Paolucci distinguishes between simulacral and prosthetic dimensions of audiovisual languages. Virtual reality achieves a strong presence effect by replacing the world with a controlled simulation, while augmented reality enriches the environment with digital elements. He introduces Peirce’s concept of surrogate stimuli to explain how VR/AR percepts are as relevant as real perceptions. The lecture references Pasolini’s free indirect discourse to illustrate machine-generated subjective experiences, and Pinotti’s notion of ‘island’ for immersive environments. Paolucci concludes that VR/AR are hybrid languages, both simulacral and prosthetic, and have significant implications for laboratory research by allowing controllable yet phenomenologically rich environments.

190 words

Critical Evaluation

Value of the Information & Strength of the Argument

The information is highly valuable for scholars of semiotics, media theory, and cognitive science, offering a coherent theoretical synthesis that challenges naive representationalist accounts of perception and technology. The argumentation is solid: Paolucci builds a systematic case from enactive cognition, supported by examples like the Kanizsa triangle and a computational experiment on bird chirps, illustrating predictive perception. He carefully distinguishes between types of images and their functions, using Peircean and Pasolinian concepts to ground his claims. The reasoning is persuasive, though some connections (e.g., between specific experiments and the theory) are asserted rather than fully demonstrated, and the lecture’s brevity limits depth. Still, the overall logic is rigorous and original.

Scientific Rigor, Source Quality, Title Accuracy

The scientific rigor is high: Paolucci, a recognized expert, explicitly references philosophical and scientific sources (Peirce, Pasolini, Pinotti, alongside experimental work). However, some citations are vague (e.g., ‘Adam’ experiment) and no formal bibliography is provided, which slightly reduces verifiability. The title ‘Augmented Images’ is perfectly matched to the content, which focuses on how digital environments create augmented perception. The lecture is a theoretical contribution rather than a data-driven study, but its grounding in established concepts lends credibility. No comments were available for analysis, so public reception cannot be assessed.

214 words

Title / Content Match

The title accurately reflects the content, which discusses augmented images within a semiotic perspective.

Quality & Reliability

8/10

The speaker is a full professor in semiotics and cognitive science, presenting a well-argued theoretical framework with references to established scholars and experiments.

Key Moments

Cited Sources

  • C.S. Peirce (concept of surrogate stimulus) — Mentioned to explain the semiotic status of VR/AR percepts; these are surrogate stimuli equivalent to real perception.
  • Pier Paolo Pasolini (free indirect discourse in cinema) — Cited as an example of a subjective image that has no equivalent in natural perception and requires a machine concatenation.
  • Andrea Pinotti (notion of 'island') — Immersion and interactivity in virtual environments create an intense sense of being there, making the image self-negating.

Contribution & Novelties

Paolucci’s contribution lies in unifying enactive perception theory with semiotics to reinterpret VR/AR as technologies that do not augment reality but replace or modulate the environmental control of perception. He coins the notion of perception as controlled hallucination, grounded in predictive processing, and demonstrates how this applies to digital environments. The originality is in the rigorous distinction between simulacral (text-simulated) and prosthetic (machine-mediating) dimensions, and the use of Peirce’s surrogate stimulus to justify the perceptual reality of VR/AR encounters. This offers a fresh theoretical lens for media studies and cognitive science.

Pour aller plus loin :

  • Predictive Processing — Key theory underlying the idea of perception as prediction; relevant for understanding the cognitive basis of Paolucci’s argument.
  • Enactivism — The philosophical framework that emphasizes structural coupling and action-oriented perception, foundational to the talk.
  • Free Indirect Discourse — Literary concept analogous to Pasolini’s filmic use; helps clarify the notion of machine-generated subjectivity.
  • Augmented Reality — Technology discussed in depth; provides background on current developments and terminology.

165 words

Radar Profile

The profile shows a balanced yet somewhat high level across all metrics, with information quantity and technical depth slightly lower than quality and reliability. This reflects a dense but compact lecture, emphasizing theoretical rigor over exhaustive coverage. The high reliability score underscores the expert status of the speaker and the foundational nature of the concepts presented.

Reliability 8/10